Thailand’s Three Major Issues Essay - 1626 Words

Introduction Thailand or also known as the Kingdom of Thailand is located at the center of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. Its surrounding countries are Burma, Laos, and Cambodia. The capital city of Thailand is Bangkok, and the country predominantly follows the Buddhist faith. As of 2011 Thailand was the 21st most populous country in the world, with around 64 million people. Thailand is notorious for its breathtaking scenery and famous tourist spots. However, what you might not know is that Thailand is currently facing a number of issues as a country; these issues can be summed up into three major categories: Environmental issues, Human Rights issues, and the South Thailand Insurgency. Each one of these issues is hurting†¦show more content†¦However, this isn’t the main contributor to Thailand’s deforestation issue. According to Phillip Hirsch’s article, â€Å"Deforestation and Development in Thailand†, Hirsch states, â€Å"in the past, forest cov er in Thailand has been greatly reduced as the Thai people convert forested land for agriculture, such as slash-and-burn agriculture. For example, forest cover fell drastically from 53% in 1961 to 25% in 1998; and more rice fields and urban sprawls have been converted from what were originally wetlands† (Hirsch, 129). Lastly the most critical environmental problem Thailand is facing is water pollution. Not only is Thailand subject to drought, but Thailand’s water resources are constantly being polluted by waste water. This is a big concern because it basically means the Thai people have virtually no clean drinking water. According to the report â€Å"Environmental Natural Resource Economics†, â€Å"Water Pollution results in typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis, trachoma, hookworm, and diarrhea. In 1999, the hospitalization rates were: Typhoid — 4,000 people, Dysentery — 7,000 people, and Diarrhea — 95,000 people† (Tietenberg and Lewis, 464). As of today the Thai government has done its best to help these severe environmental situations. When it comes to the air pollution and deforestation issues, just like the majority of the world, there is notShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On Human Rights1446 Words   |  6 Pagesdignity by means of forced labor, sex trafficking, bonded labor, and/or domestic servitude. It remains to be both a local and global issue, â€Å"occurring in nearly every country, and its networks are vast and formidable to investigate† (Jesionka 2012). Despite government, activist groups and other organization’s methods of intervention, human trafficking is still a major concern with more individuals enslaved now than ever before. 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The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times Free Essays

The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times, which is manifested in Plato and Aristotle’s philosophies. Plato stance on aesthetic is very negative because it can distract the innate nature of soul. But his pessimism on aesthetics specifically of arts in general is best represented in his conjecture that an art â€Å"is thrice removed from reality†. We will write a custom essay sample on The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aristotle, on the other hand, has positive note on aesthetics because he sees art as representation of Forms or of truth. From these two ancient philosophers, the debate and conceptualization of aesthetics has transformed greatly in different periods. Friedrich Nietzsche posits that aesthetics is a means of preservation, meaning, beauty for him is encapsulated in terms of life prolongation. Leo Tolstoy postulated that aesthetics is based on peasant artistry because these workers understand the beauty of life. The complexities of aesthetics have metamorphosized throughout the progression of different civilizations and epochs of philosophy. In line with this, contemporary aestheticians like Jun’ichiro Tanizaki and Susanne K. Langer joined the bandwagon to advance aesthetics epistemic views. And these contemporary philosophers agreed on one point, that aesthetics or the valuation of beauty, as well as, its intricacies, nuances and elements, is greatly influenced by geographic positioning. This assertion was deduced from the fact that in every period novel idea on aesthetics sprouted wherein this period shaped new debates on the topic at hand. In summation, each period in philosophy supplemented new keys on the development of philosophy. In Tanizaki’s In Praise of Shadows, he juxtaposed Oriental aestheticism to Western aestheticism wherein he highlighted the significance of going back to the remnants of the past because it served as the defining moment of every stance on arts. He argued that one must embrace his own aesthetics even if it is tarnished and old because it is the precursor of one’s culture and tradition, and therefore, any concept of beauty from foreign culture must be disregarded altogether since it can eradicate the innate nature of one’s aesthetics. This is very prominent in the character of Tanizaki because when he was just a budding novelist he appreciated Western aestheticism, which has influenced his writing during those times, until he realized that he must represent Japanese concept of arts and beauty through literature. Tanizaki conjectured that the key note in Japanese concept of beauty is founded on the ideas of shadow. The architectural blueprint of traditional Japanese highly embodies shadows manifested through the quiet and murky interiors, which emanates a nostalgic atmosphere due to the independent existence and presence of shadows.   Tanizaki reinforced his idea of shadow in the articulateness of beauty in the form of polished tableware, temple toilets, kimonos, and Japanese stage, which are highly affected by the intensity of its dark spectrum. In lieu to this, Tanizaki pointed out that if light was applied on Japanese aesthetics all of its essence will diminish because light is the attribute of Western aestheticism, and likewise will happen if darkness was incorporated to Western arts. His basis on the above mentioned arguments is embedded on his credence on the delineation of Western culture and Japanese culture. According to Tanizaki, Western citizens in ancient times give importance to gold because it emanates unspeakable beauty when candlelight reflects it. On the other hand, Japanese people vehemently dislike light because it exposes the imperfection of their own white skin. According to Thomas J. Harper (translator of In Praise of Shadows), Tanizaki distinguish Japanese aestheticism based on shadows because it shows an unfathomable yet beautiful reverence and somberness, which is lacking in the magnificently lit arts of the West. Like Tanizaki, Langer also believed that one’s perception of aesthetics is dependent of his geographic positioning. At the first chapter of her book entitled Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art, she defined philosophy as â€Å"characterized more by the formulation of its problems than by its solutions of them†[1], which implies that each groups or societies see things in different perspectives and in their perception of things, they have their own understanding of what they see and have their own questions about it. Therefore, when it comes to beauty or aesthetics definitive schema, each society has the authority to posit their own stance about it, and mostly their stance is deeply rooted in culture and tradition. Tanizaki’s key of aesthetics is logically plausible in Langer’s philosophy since she espoused a relativistic means of understanding the nature of things and the contingency of the universe, in context with aesthetics. But Langer has her own philosophic inclination on beauty, wherein her key is discourse and representation. For Langer, aesthetics expresses the emotive form of arts through symbols and logic. But it must be noted that she saw that the main problem in expressing aesthetic is the means of expressing it. According to her, music possesses a degree of mood or emotion towards the meaning of life wherein it represents a form of epistemic valuation and truth. This music that embodies a certain feeling of purely perceptible matters can be expressed in innumerable manners, but the musician has to figure out which manner because wrong choice of manner will annihilate the content of its emotion and its purity. In toto, Langer saw philosophy as perpetually progressing, as well as aesthetics, because different epochs have either discovered or created a new key to elucidate the universe. She purported that the fecundity of new keys in the philosophical realm will always exists because human understanding is innately transformational. Unlike most philosophers like Bertrand Russell who argued that novel ideas in philosophy is impossible because what is left to humanity is to recycle old philosophies, Langer believed that the pasts has influenced on our present cogito but it does not necessarily follow that it will shape the present landscape of philosophizing. The point is that man’s rationality is not fixed; therefore present and future generation can discover or create a new motif of intellectual intercourse, which will eventually define the philosophy of their period. Tanizaki and Langer’s philosophies on aesthetics are significant because of its willingness and openness to the possibility of new keys, in terms of new perspectives and theories. It broadens the horizon of philosophical enterprise since new schemes and conceptualizations are doomed to realization. The only danger on their stance on the concept of â€Å"new keys† is that it jeopardized the universality of things, specifically of aesthetics or beauty. Their postulate that aesthetics valuation is based on geographic positioning or dependent of one’s social constructs breathes relativism, meaning, every perspective on aesthetic is sound and valid, or to put it simply â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. And worse, the innateness of aesthetics seems impossible to be exposed because of diverse perceptions on it. REFERENCE: Langer, Susanne K. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art 3rd edition ed: Harvard University Press, 1957. Tanizaki, Junichiro. In Praise of Shadows. Trans. Charles Moore, Edward G. Seidensticker and Thomas J. Harper: Leetes Island Books 1980. [1] Langer, Susanne. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art.   Harvard University Press, 1957 p.4. How to cite The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times, Essay examples

Chromatography General Principle of Sample Separation

Questions: 1. Explain briefly the general principle of sample separation by chromatography. 2. Give the three equations required to calculate Rf-values, the CV and the CV. 3. An unknown sample has been applied to 4 different TLC plates. Each TLC plate has been run in a different mobile phase. The stationary phase of the TLC plates is made of unmodified silica gel. Complete the table using the TLC plates above. (10 points) A B C D Rf Rf Rf - - CV CV CV - - CV CV CV 4. Consider the results obtained in the table under task 3. Summarise your observations and discuss these in terms of the quality of the sample separation. (10 points) 5. Consider the system used in TLC A;Ethanol/CH2Cl2 1:6. a) Which TLC will show a larger change in the Rf values, a change to a Ethanol/CH2Cl2 1:7 system or Ethanol/CH2Cl2 2:6? b) Why? Explain briefly. Answers: 1. Liquid chromatography isolates molecules in liquid mobile phase by applying a solid stationary phase. Thin layer chromatography is said to be a chromatographic technique applied to divide non-volatile mixtures. After a sample is applied on plate, a mixture of solvent or solvent is put together on the plate by capillary action (Qin et al., 2015). Diverse compounds within the sample mixture pass through at various rates because of differences in the attraction to stationary phase and due to solubility differences within the solvent (Waksmundzka-Hajnos, Sherma and Kowalska, 2008). By altering the solvent or applying mixture, the separation of the substances can be changed. Compound separation is depending upon the competition of mobile and solute phase for attaching position on stationary phase (Lin, 2013). For example if silica gel is applied as stationary phase, this is considered as polar. If it is compared between two polar compounds then the more polar substance has stronger int eraction with silica and hence more competent to drive out the mobile phase from binding places. The less polar component moves top of the plate. 2. The equation required to calculate Rf values: The equation required to calculate the CV: CV=r2h The equation required to calculate the CV: 3. A B C D Rf ac/ad ac/ad ad/ae ac/ad Rf ab/ad ab/ad ac/ae ab/ad Rf ab/ae - ab/ae aa/ad CV (ap)2.ac (ap)2.ac (ap)2.ad (ap)2.ac CV (ap)2.ab (ap)2.ab (ap)2.ac (ap)2.ab CV - - (ap)2.ab (ap)2.aa CV Change in (ap)2.ac/1unit/ (ap)2.ac Change in (ap)2.ac/1unit/ (ap)2.ac Change in (ap)2.ad/1unit/ (ap)2.ad Change in (ap)2.ac/1unit/ (ap)2.ac CV Change in (ap)2.ab/1unit/ (ap)2.ab Change in (ap)2.ab/1unit/ (ap)2.ab Change in (ap)2.ac/1unit/ (ap)2.ac Change in (ap)2.ab/1unit/ (ap)2.ab CV Change in (ap)2.ab/1unit/ (ap)2.ab Change in (ap)2.aa/1unit/ (ap)2.aa 4. An unknown sample has been applied to 4diffrent TLC plates. Each TLC plate has been run in a different mobile phase. The stationary phase of the TLC plates is made of unmodified silica gel. The table has enquired for the Rf values of the unknown sample 1 2 and 3. Rf means the retention value. To make the chromatography technique more scientific than just an interpretation, Rf value can be applied. A particular sample will travel same distance along stationary phase by specific solvent when other conditions are kept constant. Every unknown sample has specific retention value for specific solvent and the concentration of the solvent. In case of plate A, B, C and D four hypothetical points are measured. These are: a, b, c and d; where the unknown samples are pointed as 1, 2 and 3. Therefore, to measure the Rf of plate A, sample 1 and 2 in plate A, hypothetical data is applied. In case of plate B to measure the Rf of sample 1 and 2 hypothetical data is applied, thus continued to plate number. Then next to calculate the column volume of 1, 2 and 3 of 4 plates, hypothetical formula is applied, where the column volume is calculated by using the formula of r2h. Hence, for individual points (samples) in individual plate the respective data is entered. 5. a) A change to a Ethanol/CH2Cl2 1:7 system will show a larger change in the retention values. b) This is because the eluent ratio of ethanol and dichrolomethane is greater in 1:7 systems, where the system contains 1part of ethanol and 7parts of dichrolomethane. Rather in case of Ethanol/CH2Cl2 2:6 systems, it contains 1part of ethanol and 3parts of dichrolomethane (Komsta, 2007). Higher and lower retention value is depending on the polarity of the compound. The more polar compound has strong contact with silica gel and hence more potent to dispel the liquid phase resulting in lesser retention value and less polar substance move top of the plate and results in higher retention value (Rogatsky, 2012). Therefore a change to an Ethanol/CH2Cl2 1:7 systems will show a larger change in the retention values. References Komsta,  . (2007). Prediction of the retention in thin layer chromatography screening systems by atomic contributions.Analytica Chimica Acta, 593(2), pp.224-237. Lin, S. (2013). Wonderlab Comic Thin Layer Chromatography.ChemViews. Qin, Y., Qi, N., Tang, Y., He, J., Li, X., Gu, F. and Zou, S. (2015). Isolation and identification of a high molecular weight protein in sow milk.animal, pp.1-8. Rogatsky, E. (2012). Application of Fused-Core Particle Column in Two Dimensional Reversed Phase - Reversed Phase LC/MS Analysis of Biological Samples. Impact of Extra-Column Volume.J Chromat Separation Techniq, 03(08). Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Sherma, J. and Kowalska, T. (2008).Thin layer chromatography in phytochemistry. Boca Raton: CRC Press.